What technique uses salt (Na) to preserve and flavor foods?

The technique that specifically uses salt (Na) to preserve and flavor foods is salt preservation. This method relies on the ability of salt to draw moisture out of food products and inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds, thereby extending the shelf life of the food. Salt preservation can be applied to various types of foods, including meats and vegetables, and is one of the oldest methods of food preservation used by many cultures worldwide. By using salt, not only does it enhance the flavor of the food, but it also plays a crucial role in creating an environment that is less conducive to spoilage.

In contrast, fermentation involves the conversion of sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol by microorganisms; pickling typically employs a brine solution of water and vinegar along with spices, which differs from pure salt preservation; and drying removes moisture from food to prevent bacterial growth but does so without the use of salt as a primary ingredient in the preservation process. Salt preservation stands out as the method that directly emphasizes the role of salt in both the preservation and flavoring of the food.