What is the molecular composition of water?

The molecular composition of water is defined as having one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. This composition forms the chemical formula H₂O. The oxygen atom is highly electronegative, which allows it to form polar covalent bonds with the hydrogen atoms. These bonds create a molecule with a bent shape due to the two hydrogen atoms being bonded to the oxygen at an angle, leading to the unique properties of water, such as its solvent capabilities and high boiling point.

The specific arrangement of one oxygen to two hydrogen atoms is fundamental to water's chemistry and biology, influencing interactions within biological systems, affecting solubility, and enabling hydrogen bonding, which is crucial for many biological processes. This molecular structure is essential for life on Earth, as it contributes to the properties of water that support all living organisms.